Overactive sebaceous glands can clog pores very easily, and lead to a variety of skin conditions, including blackheads, whiteheads, pimple, and cysts. These conditions, and oily skin itself, can be treated in a number of ways:

  • Antibiotics – Topical antibiotics, such as erythromycin, are commonly used to reduce inflammation and breakouts associated with oily skin. Side effects of antibacterial topicals may include burning, stinging, and peeling skin. Oral antibiotics, such as tetracycline, are another option. They tend to be more effective, but may produce stronger side effects as well, such as diarrhea and vomiting. The best idea is to consult and doctor if you’re interested in an antibiotic treatment.
  • Retinoids – A derivative of vitamin A, some common retinoids include Retin-A, Differin, and Tazorac. They are applied to the surface of the skin in order to promote skin shedding, and unclog pores. Secondary disorders associated with oily skin are more prevalent when skin cells are not shed properly. Retinoids are used to make skin more receptive to medications. They can also help by reducing comedone formation.
  • Medicated Cleansers – There are a number of over-the-counter cleansers available for treating oily and acne-prone skin. Face washes that include benzoyl peroxide can be helpful in some cases. They destroy bacteria on the surface of the skin and promote skin cell shedding, which helps the oil flow more freely. Other products containing sodium sulfacetamide or azelaic acid work in much the same way.
  • Isotretinoin (Accutane) – This is a strong prescription medication that causes the skin to produce much less sebum. It is generally reserved for the most severe cases of acne, involving cystic lesions. Most doctors only use it as a last resort, as it comes with a number of serious side effects.

There are also some basic maintenance routines that you can follow to keep oily skin in check. Remove the excess oil on the surface of the skin with regular washing. Usually, once in the morning and once in the evening is sufficient. Washing your skin too much can result in irritation, and maybe even greater sebum production. Look for cleansers that are gentle and work well with your skin. Those with oily skin should avoid heavy creamy cleansers, as they can easily clog pores and trap sebum inside the skin. Similarly, thick comedogenic moisturizers are a no-no if you have oily skin. Look for light moisturizers, or natural oils. If you’re concerned about greasiness between washings, try using a blotting paper to soak up any excess oil.

In addition, take good care of your health, so your skin has the tools it needs to maintain proper functioning. Eat a diet rich in whole foods, and limit processed foods or junk foods; get the proper amount of sleep each night; and exercise regularly. Also, manage stress in healthy ways. Stress, in any form, can lead to increased sebum production and exacerbate related skin conditions. Finally, take care of your skin when you are in the sun. Excessive exposure to harmful UV rays can cause skin damage, enlarged pores, cancer, and may exacerbate oily skin problems.